
Church of Santa María, Tauste
Plaza de Santa María, Tauste
CURRENT PROTECTION CATEGORY: BIC
TYPE OF PROPERTY: Real estate
CATEGORY: Religious
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: Mudejar
DATE OF CONSTRUCTION: 13th – 14th centuries
The church of Santa María de Tauste is the most important church in the town. It dates from between the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century. It is contemporary to the church of San Pablo in Zaragoza. In this town there is a second Mudejar tower, the tower of San Antón, which dates from a later period.
It was originally a church with a single nave divided into three bays flanked by chapels between the buttresses of the wall. The chevet had a semicircular apse on the inside and a five-sided polygonal apse on the outside. Two small octagonal towers were built at the base, between which there is also an octagonal bell tower, popularly known as “la bien plantá”.
The tower of the church of Santa María stands out for being a magnificent example of the architecture of Aragonese Islamic descent, being not only the great architectural element of the town and its most famous symbol, but also the landmark or image par excellence of the whole town and its surroundings. In this town we find a second Mudejar tower, the tower of San Antón, of later chronology.
It has an octagonal ground plan and, according to Gonzalo M. Borrás, its structure is that of an Almohad minaret, i.e. it has an inner tower inside an outer tower and between the two is the staircase. The inner tower is divided into four superimposed rooms covered by eight-sided schiffed vaults.
The entrance is at the height of the choir, at a height of about seven metres, leading to the first room (underneath there was a circular moat that was filled in during its restoration in the 80s of the 20th century).
It is located at the foot of the church of Santa María. However, we are talking about two independent buildings, and according to Jaime Carbonel’s research, when the church was built the tower already existed and it would have originally been a free-standing building.
On the outside, the decoration seems to divide the tower into several sections, but the representation on the outside does not match its structure on the inside. The decoration begins at a certain height, with each decorative panel repeated equally on each of the eight sides, framed by bands of angled brickwork. When viewed from bottom to top, the panels contain the following motifs: interlaced mixtilinear arches, loops of four octagonal arches, epigraphic decoration, a band of mixtilinear lozenges and interlaced round arches. The battlements and merlons on the terrace and the top turret complete the building, which reaches a total height of 47 metres.
Particularly singular is the panel of epigraphic decoration below the belfry windows, where Arabists have discovered the message of the Shahada (“There is no god but God and Muhammad is his envoy”), in this case “There is no god but the Just”, according to F. J. Navarro Cabeza.
Gonzalo M. Borrás dated the construction of the church and tower to around 1300, which is the most widely accepted date among historians. However, other studies carried out in recent years suggest that the tower of Santa María could have been the minaret (reused as a bell tower) of an 11th-century mosque, replaced towards the end of the 13th century by the Mudejar church we know today.
In 2020 a large necropolis of Islamic origin was found in the town. Probably Tauste, in Islamic times, was a large town, with a sufficient number of inhabitants to have had a mosque and a minaret.



Interventions
Restoration, 20th Century to 21st Century
Between 1982 and 1986 the tower was restored by the Directorate General of Fine Arts of the Ministry of Culture. The restoration work consisted of recovering the original roof system and replacing the lost decoration. It was directed by the architect J. Manuel Pérez Latorre.
Between 1992 and 1994, the Government of Aragon and the Tauste Town Council signed a collaboration agreement for the restoration of the exterior wall of the back of the church and the adaptation of the main façade.
In 2004, minor works and a geotechnical study of the tower were contracted.
Projects and interventions
Projects and interventions and their promoters define the history of monumental buildings as well as the perception of them.
The downloadable document presents the current status of the files under review, which will allow us to update our knowledge of each of the monumental buildings.
Declarations
Declaration, 21st Century
The Church of Santa María de Tauste was declared an Asset of Cultural Interest by Decree of the Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts on 3 June 1931, published in the Gaceta of 4 June 1931.
The Official Gazette of Aragon of 14 November 2001 publishes the Order of 15 October 2001, of the Department of Culture and Tourism, which completes the original declaration of the Church of Santa María in Tauste (Zaragoza) as an Asset of Cultural Interest, in accordance with the First Transitional Provision of Law 3/1999, of 10 March, on Aragonese Cultural Heritage.
Bibliography
ALCALÁ PRATS, ICIAR AND REVILLA HERNANDO, ANA MARÍA. “Mudéjar art in the region of the Cinco Villas”, Territory Collection no 25, Department of the Presidency and Institutional Relations of the Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, 2007.
CASTILLO MONTOLAR, MARGARITA (COORD.). Artistic treasures of the town of Tauste, Parroquia de Santa María de Tauste, 2003.
CHIRIBAY CALVO, RAFAEL. The” Repairing Temples” series of the Diocesan Archive of Zaragoza (1st part), Aragonia Sacra. 1996, no XI, p. 185-220.
MÉNDEZ DE JUAN, JOSÉ FÉLIX, GALINDO PÉREZ, SILVIA AND LASHERAS RODRÍGUEZ, JAVIER. Aragón Patrimonio Cultural Restaurado.1984/2009. Real estate, Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, 2010.
MIÑANA RODRIGO, MARÍA LUISA; SARRIÁ ABADÍA, FERNANDO. The main altarpiece of the parish church of Santa María de Tauste, Suessetania. 1998 , no 17, p. 10-19.
MORTE GARCÍA, C. and CASTILLO MONTOLAR, M. El retablo mayor renacentista de Tauste, Instituto Fernando el Católico, Zaragoza, 2012.
ROMERO SANTAMARÍA, ALFREDO (COORD.). Joyas de un patrimonio: Restauraciones de arte mueble en la provincia de Zaragoza, 1995-1999, Diputación Provincial de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 1999.
VALERO SUÁREZ, JOSÉ MARÍA (DIR.). Joyas de un patrimonio IV: Restauraciones de la Diputación Provincial de Zaragoza (2003-2011), Diputación de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 2011.
VV.AA. Cinco Villas, Colección RUTASCAI por Aragón no 44, Zaragoza, 2006.
VV.AA. Aragonese Mudejar Art. Patrimonio De La Humanidad, Institución Fernando el Católico, Zaragoza, 2002.
VV.AA. Tierra mudéjar: El Mudéjar Aragonés, world heritage, Heraldo de Aragón, D.L. 2002.
VV.AA. Artistic Heritage in the Region of Cinco Villas, Zaragoza, 1998.
Appendixes
Church of Santa María
Plaza de Santa María
50660 Tauste (Zaragoza)





